tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24962806746111998972024-03-05T02:48:56.170-08:00Preparative chromatography trainingUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-12615538840059615562013-07-02T06:04:00.000-07:002013-07-02T06:04:31.009-07:00What is Chromatography?
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Chromatography in broad terms is the separation of
components in a mixture by distribution of the components between two phases –
one that is static i.e. the stationary phase and one that moves i.e. the mobile
phase. As the mobile phase moves, the components of the mixture move at
different rates on the stationary phase as shown in Figure 1.1. Chromatography
can be carried out on an apparatus that is planar or a column.</span> </span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDGALFoCrBjSdX5KzpUwmpnqmU2pGBhWqMyc6jXnzdv8txNEA6HKdUBZv97jNigDyBk_Z51XUmEyYUFF7ArdjRFphTEwVLCTH0yu2Ve2SP-gRaoMr5MH2gYAuWx60KbBFOB6-FICoFqzF3/s640/synchem_figure+1_WIH.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDGALFoCrBjSdX5KzpUwmpnqmU2pGBhWqMyc6jXnzdv8txNEA6HKdUBZv97jNigDyBk_Z51XUmEyYUFF7ArdjRFphTEwVLCTH0yu2Ve2SP-gRaoMr5MH2gYAuWx60KbBFOB6-FICoFqzF3/s320/synchem_figure+1_WIH.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Figure 1:1 Theory of column chromatography
separations</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">When
chromatography is performed on a flat surface such as a sheet e.g. paper or
plate which could be glass, plastic or metal, it is called <em>Planar Chromatography. </em></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: small;">The
separated components are characterised by distance travelled on the plate
relative to the distance travelled by the mobile phase (eluent) i.e. the <em>retention factor, R<sub>f</sub></em>. There are two types of planar chromatography: </span></span></span></div>
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<li><div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paper Chromatography</i> is when the stationary phase is a special grade cellulose paper simply referred to as chromatography paper, which could be unmodified or modified with other chemicals.</span></span></div>
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<li><div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)</i> is when the stationary phase material usually silica or alumina has been coated on to a plastic, glass or metal plate.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: small;">When chromatography is performed in a column as
previously shown in figure 1.1, which again could be glass, metal or plastic,
it is called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Column Chromatography</i>
(also referred to as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Elution Chromatography</i>)
because separated components actually get eluted from the column. The separated
components are characterised by the time it takes to travel through the column
i.e. the retention time, t<sub>R</sub>. Each separated component will have its
own unique t<sub>R</sub> for a given set of experimental conditions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: small;">Column chromatography techniques vary with
different types of stationary phases coupled to different types of mobile
phases. Classification purely on the basis of the physical nature of the mobile
phase gives techniques such as:</span></div>
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gas Chromatography (GC)</i>, in which the mobile phase is a gas, typically hydrogen or helium. </span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC)</i> implies that the mobile phase is in a supercritical state i.e. neither gas nor liquid. </span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Liquid Chromatography (LC) </i>obviously means that the mobile phase is a liquid. Note that we have liquid-planar chromatography e.g. TLC as well as liquid-column chromatography techniques.</span> </span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: right;">
<em><strong>An excerpt from book - HPLC Fundamentals by Bunmi Adeyoju</strong></em></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-42373649676691589852011-02-08T03:38:00.000-08:002011-02-08T04:10:38.297-08:00TLC Reader for Yamazen Flash Chromatography System<div align="justify">In normal phase chromatography, chemists would typically run a TLC on their samples prior to column chromatography. This involves the time-wasting process of calculating the TLC Rf values for the target compound. Yamazen has introduced a TLC plate reader to work in an automated mode with its Flash Chromatography Systems. So that now, a chemist would run a TLC and simply place the TLC plate on the reader, then the TLC image reader would read and calculate the Rf vlaues. These values and the solvent mixture is fed to Yamazen's patented automated method setting software which develops a gradient method that elutes the compound of interest at 4-column volumes. This minimizes solvent use and waste disposal while achieving good sample separation. Hence, Eco-friendly and substantial savings on lab expenses.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Yamazen Science is at booth #409, ACS Exposition, Anaheim California, March 28-30, 2011</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-51182025314801311152010-12-14T07:07:00.000-08:002010-12-14T07:12:22.369-08:00Prep Chroma announces training dates for March 2011Introduction to Preparative LC (1 day)<br />Date: 29th March 2011<br />Location: Manchester<br />Email: <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a> for further details<br /><br /><br />Introduction to LCMS (1 day)<br />Date: 31st March 2011<br />Location: Manchester<br />Email: <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a> for further detailsUnknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-92063350337131349412010-11-08T07:07:00.000-08:002010-11-08T07:30:29.981-08:00Cellufine (Cellulose-based) Chromatography MediaCellufine (Cellulose-based) Chromatography Media are now available to order through Prep Chroma.<br /><br />Cellufine is the preferred chromatography media for the purification of proteins, enzymes and other bio-active substances. It is made from spherical cellulose with its typical characteristics of high mechanical strength, chemical stability and bio-compatibility. And particularly suited to pharmaceutical and Food applications.<br /><br />Cellufine product range covers all liquid chromatography modes - Gel Filtration, Ion-Exchange, Affinity and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. These products are available as bulk as well as in mini-column formats for use on HPLC instruments.<br /><br />For more information please contact <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-33515229384634653642010-06-29T07:58:00.000-07:002010-06-29T08:11:18.095-07:00SiliaChrom HPLC Columns (SiliCycle, Canada)<div align="justify">SiliaChrom HPLC columns (Silicycle, Canada), can now be ordered from Prep Chroma.</div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify">SiliaChrom HPLC columns cover a wide range of applications such as normal phase, reverse phase, ion-exchange - silica and polymer-based, chiral, sugar and protein analysis. And cover analytical, semi-preparative and preparative analysis. Guard columns are also available. For technical and ordering information contact <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a></div><div align="justify"> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-77756312711029324602010-04-19T06:10:00.000-07:002010-04-19T06:15:16.585-07:00LC-MS Training Course in Manchester July 2010Registration is now open for our LC-MS training course (4 days) running in Manchester in July. E-mail <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a> for registration details.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-41855024810347718782010-03-09T04:17:00.000-08:002010-03-09T04:36:29.557-08:00Cecil Instruments launch Semi-Prep HPLC Pump<div align="justify">Using over 40 years experience of HPLC instrumentation, Cecil Instruments have added an enhanced semi-prep HPLC pump to their existing Adept range. The pump has a flow rate range of 0.01 to 50ml/min and can be used in isocratic as well as high pressure gradient modes. It offers the advantage of smooth, easy and reproducible transitions in scaling up from analytical to semi-preparative work. </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Being a modular HPLC component, this pump can be used with AutoQuest autosampler, Column heater/chillers, WaveQuest UV/VIS ultra-fast scanning detectors, and fraction collectors for complete automation in the long-term, fast and reliable collection of fractions. It may also be used with third party systems.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">It is easy and fast to install, virtually plug and play. Please mail <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a> for more information.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-81271649826313713222010-01-26T02:56:00.000-08:002010-01-26T03:43:07.768-08:00Prep Chroma and Yamazen Corp form PartnershipPrep Chroma announces partnership with Yamazen Corp. This agreement enables Prep Chroma to distribute Yamazen's preparative LC products in the UK and parts of Europe.<br /><br />Yamazen Corp. has over 35 years experience in designing and manufacturing medium presssure liquid chromatography (MPLC) instruments and consumables for the purification market. Its W-Prep Flash Chromatography system is the only <span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><em>independent dual channel</em></strong></span> flash LC system on the market i.e. two samples can be purified at the same time. Yamazen's LC systems are complimented by large-scale prep columns and flash columns and cartridges packed under proprietary Yamazen technology. For more information click <a href="http://www.chromstore.com/p0/flash-lc-systems/92.htm">http://www.chromstore.com/p0/flash-lc-systems/92.htm</a> or contact us at <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2496280674611199897.post-5598514114214623062010-01-18T03:30:00.000-08:002010-01-18T03:47:03.133-08:00training seminars - March 2010<div align="justify">Prep Chroma is running its basic preparative LC course in March 2010. There is a choice of locations i.e. available in Manchester, London and Cambridge. </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Seminar covers basic chromatography, column and hardware characteristics and how these determine purification strategies and capabilities. These seminars would be benefical to scientists who perform preparative chromatoghraphy as a lateral duty.</div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">e-mail <a href="mailto:info@prepchroma.com">info@prepchroma.com</a> for further details</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0